Background: Eosinophilic lung diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with prominent infiltrate of\neosinophils in lung interstitium and alveolar spaces. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is often present. Infections, drugs,\nallergens, toxic agents have to be evaluated as possible causes of eosinophilic lung infiltrates. The category of\nmyeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1 and PCM1-JAK2\nrepresents an uncommon cause of eosinophilic lung infiltrate.\nCase presentation: We report the case of a 70-year old man complaining of dry cough and dyspnea. Ground\nglass-opacities were seen on imaging studies and peripheral blood eosinophilia was present. A thorough step-wise\npatientâ??s evaluation led to identify the clonal nature of eosinophilia and the diagnosis of myeloid/lymphoid\nneoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA was made.\nConclusions: Correlation with clinical history, laboratory tests and imaging studies is essential to achieve the\ncorrect diagnosis when facing with eosinophilic lung infiltrates. A prolonged eosinophilia can cause life-threatening\norgan damage. Identification of PDGFRA rearrangement, as in the present case, is particularly critical given the\nsensitivity and excellent response to imatinib, which has completely changed the natural history of this neoplasm.
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